1658 A.D.), who was one of the prime teachers in the Rifa‘iyyah order, became the Shaikh al-Islam–one of the most senior positions in the Sultanate under the Sultan himself – during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Tsani (1637-1641 A.D.) and the early reign of Sultanah Safiatuddin (1641-1675 A.D.). In Aceh for example, Nuruddin al-Raniri (d. In several specific areas, tariqah became a palace phenomenon, when followers and some tariqah murshids (teachers) became part of the family or became officials in the palace. This meant that tariqah, as organisation within the world of tasawwuf, could soon be found in all the regions of Malay-Indonesian world where Islam was spreading. Tariqah (Sufi order) has played an important role in the Malay-Indonesian world since early times, particularly because the Islam that came to this region was originally of a mystical nature (tasawwuf).
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